Gilgamesh Flood Tablet

The Gilgamesh Flood Tablet contains the flood story from the Epic of Gilgamesh, which is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia that is often regarded as the earliest surviving great work of literature.

The flood story was added to the Gilgamesh Epic utilized surviving Babylonian deluge stories from older Sumerian poems which inspired the flood myth.

Gilgamesh’s reign is believed to have been about 2700 BCE, shortly before the earliest known written stories. The earliest Sumerian Gilgamesh poems date from 2100–2000 BCE.

One of these poems mentions Gilgamesh’s journey to meet the flood hero, as well as a short version of the flood story.

The flood story was included because, in it, the flood hero is granted immortality by the gods, and that fits the immortality theme of the epic.

Gilgamesh, having failed to discover the secret of eternal life, returns to Uruk, where the sight of its massive walls inspires him to praise this enduring work of mortal men.

The moral is that mortals can achieve immortality through lasting works of civilization and culture.

“Gilgamesh, where are you hurrying to? You will never find that life for which you are looking.
When the gods created man they allotted him death, but life they retained in their keeping.
As for you, Gilgamesh, fill your belly with good things; day and night, night and day, dance and be merry, feast and rejoice.
Let your clothes be fresh, bathe yourself in water, cherish the little child that holds your hand,
and make your wife happy in your embrace; for this too is the lot of man.”
― The Epic of Gilgamesh

Flood Stories

A flood or deluge myth is a narrative in which a great flood is sent by a deity to destroy civilization.

Parallels are often drawn between the floodwaters of these myths and the primeval waters found in certain creation myths. The floodwaters are often described as a measure for the cleansing of humanity in preparation for rebirth.

The flood myth is found among many cultures, including:

Mesopotamian flood stories,
Genesis flood narrative,
Greek mythology,
Hinduism,
Chinese mythology,
Norse mythology,
K’iche’ and Maya peoples in Mesoamerica,
Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwa tribe of Native Americans in North America,
Muisca, and Cañari Confederation, in South America, Africa,
and the Aboriginal tribes in Australia.

The Mesopotamian Flood Myth

In the 19th century, Assyriologists started translating the first Babylonian accounts of a great flood.

Discoveries produced several versions of the Mesopotamian flood myth, with the account closest to that in Genesis was found in a 700 BC Babylonian copy of the Epic of Gilgamesh.

The Sumerian King List relies on the flood story to divide its history into pre-flood and post-flood periods.

The pre-flood kings had enormous lifespans, whereas post-flood lifespans were much reduced. In some of the Sumerian flood myth, a hero is warned of the impending flood, who then builds a boat so that life may survive.

Book of Genesis

In the c. 6th century BC Book of Genesis, God, who created man out of clay, decides to flood the earth because of the sinful state of humanity.

It is also God who then gives Noah instructions to build an ark to preserve life. Noah, his family, and representatives of all the animals of the earth are called upon to enter the ark.

When the destructive flood begins, all life outside of the ark perishes. After the waters recede, humanity was given God’s promise that he will never judge the earth with a flood again. He causes a rainbow to form as a sign of this promise.

Hindu Flood Story

In Hindu mythology, texts dated to around the 6th century BC contain the story of a great flood, “Pralaya.”

Also in the Matsya Avatar of the Vishnu warns the first man, Manu, of the impending flood, and also advises him to build a giant boat.

Ancient Greek Flood Story

Plato, in about 360 BC, describes a flood myth in which the Bronze race of humans angers the high God Zeus with their constant warring.

Zeus decides to punish humanity with a flood. The Titan Prometheus, who had created humans from clay, tells the secret plan to Deucalion, advising him to build an ark to be saved.

After nine nights and days, the water starts receding, and the ark lands on a mountain.