William the Faience Hippopotamus

This Egyptian faience hippopotamus from the Middle Kingdom of Egypt was discovered in a shaft associated with the tomb chapel of “The Steward, Senbi” at Meir, Upper Egypt, and dates from c. 1961 – 1878 B.C.

This blue statuette may have held some religious significance, as Hippopotamuses were sometimes associated with one of the forms of the god Seth.

Black paint has been used to enhance the eyes and to decorate the body with lotus flowers, buds, and leaves symbolizing its natural surroundings of the Nile.

The hippopotamus was one of the most feared animals for ancient Egyptians, and, in this case, three of its legs were purposely broken to prevent it from harming the deceased in the afterlife.

Hippopotamuses were considered dangerous and represented the destructive power of the natural world, chaos, and evil. The museum has since restored these legs.

This small figurine was made using Egyptian faience, which is composed mainly of silica (sand or crushed quartz) along with small amounts of sodium and calcium.

Faience was porous and malleable and could be shaped by hand or cast in molds. Although not pottery on a strict definition since it has no clay, faience is often regarded as pottery. Faience is considered a non-clay ceramic.

It was a precursor to glazed clay-based ceramics, such as earthenware and stoneware.

In 1931 a published article about the hippo for the British humor magazine Punch referred to this artifact with affection as “William.”

The Met museum republished the story in the Museum’s Bulletin, and the name, William, caught on and became the popular name for this figure.

In 1936 the Met released a book entitled “William and his Friends: A Group of Notable Creatures in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.” Since then, William has continued to appear in some museum logos and museum merchandise.

A favorite statuette in Ancient Egyptian Art

The hippopotamus was a favorite statuette in Ancient Egyptian art. Over fifty blue faience hippopotamus statuettes can be found in museums and collections across the world, varying in size from about nine to twenty-two centimeters in length.

Ancient Egyptians believed them to be associated with fertility and rebirth.

A blue faience hippopotamus can also be seen at the Brooklyn Museum. Unfortunately, the Brooklyn Museum hippopotamus doesn’t have legs; they have been deliberately broken off thousands of years ago.

The ancient Egyptians believed that the hippopotamus also had negative traits and could evoke chaotic forces because of the danger they pose to humans in the wild.

So their legs were snapped off the statuettes before placing them in tombs, ensuring that the hippopotamus would not chase and eat the soul of the deceased.

William the Faience Hippopotamus

Title: Faience Hippopotamus or Standing Hippopotamus
Date: Circa 1961–1878 B.C.
Period: Middle Kingdom
Dynasty: Dynasty 12
Reign: Senwosret I to Senwosret II
Culture: Ancient Egypt
Medium: Faience
Dimensions: L. 20 cm (7 7/8 in.); W. 7.5 cm (2 15/16 in.); H. 11.2 cm (4 7/16 in.)
Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art – MET, New York, USA